Past management of intellectual property rights Essay

Past management of intellectual property rights - Essay Example It has taken centuries and these rights have faced drastic rates of dynamism and were until the 20th century that it became fully operational. The way they were managed therefore ion the past is not the way they are being managed in the current economic times. This paper seeks to assess the way intellectual property rights have been managed in the past. In light of the same, it will highlight the types of intellectual property rights and their management in the past as well as justified improvements that can be done for the future. This will create the difference between the past, present and expected future improvements. Past Management of Intellectual Property Rights Management of intellectual is a term that is holistic and is used to describe the process in which tracking the rights creation, licencing as well as their usage. According to the World international property organization, the treatment of each intellectual property is dependent on the efforts being made to preserve the cultural heritage of the specific nations that the rights are being applied (Elster, 2010, p. 24). Though they may have an international backing as far as application to the market is concerned, there is always the need to establish a unilateral management policy on all so that the basics of their maintenance in the market v are maintained. The flow of ideas is also never restricted to any international boundaries and therefore there is a very consistent view of the fact that there are very complex legal systems internationally to try and harmonize all the intellectual property rights from the different nations to suite the world market. Therefore, the past, management in general was based on the fact that each country had to satisfy its own interests, its requirements, limitations and the legal time in which the intellectual p roperty (IP) is going to be applicably necessary and valid. Patents Nicholas Luchi (2007) makes the traditional link between a patent and its registration with the government. He states that the registration takes more than one year to go through depending on the complexity of its making. A patent therefore is a grant under the issue of the government and bound by the law which allows its holder to exclude any other person or organization from commercial exploitation of the invention made (Lucchi, 2007, p. 18). The initial management is based on the application of the patent within territorial boundaries specific to the place where the invention was made and for a specific period of time. The management period originally according to the World Trade Organization (WTO) is 20 years. This shows that although there are specific regional laws concerning the property rights management, there are also universal laws set by the WTO to manage the patents since the application of these is sup posed to have a universal bearing. Under the current and past management laws, the patents are applicable to new industrially applicable inventions that take the form of machines, processes that are innovative and chemical composition. The management laws state that integration to the public is made through the subsequent conditions of patentability in existence at that moment and in line with the WTO guidelines. For instance, to safeguard the public domain, the applicant must always make application to make disclosure of the invention to the public so that there is mutual benefit and

Advanced Corporate Finance Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advanced Corporate Finance Assignment - Essay Example Johansson declines to any more talks on a merger. Two days later, Pfizer decides to make its interest on AstraZeneca public. It reaches 2nd May, 2014, when Pfizer raises its offer to  £63bn to AstraZeneca. The offer was attached with the pledge for Pfizer to attach its European operations in and 20% of the merged companys workforce be located at Cambridge for the first five years. Still there was a rejection of this second offer by AstraZeneca. AstraZeneca goes ahead on 6th May, 2014, to publish a strategy update that highlighted its drugs in development. On 7th May, there was a call to issue a stronger reassurance by Pfizer. This followed the unrest over the political pressure of job losses and cut on the UK science researchers. A day later, the former science Minister, Lord Sainsbury accuses Pfizer of being an asset stripper, hence urges that the companys takeover interest should be blocked. On 10th May, Read, in a video, on the official Pfizer website, refers to the merger as a win-win situation and prefers the use of AstraZenecas Cambridge science hub and the UKs science researchers in general. Pascal Soriot, who is the chief executive of AstraZeneca, says the merger would risk lives by delaying drug development. Read then admits that the merger would for sure lead to job cuts and reduced research spending. The chair of this committee then writes to the science minister expressing his concerns over the merger case. On 16th May, there was an increased bid by the labors shadow business secretary to block Pfizer from the takeover. The government officials, on 18th May, agreed to amend the terms of the British governments public interest test. In this light, only ministers were allowed to block takeovers after adequate concerns were raised against the takeover. On the same day, Pfizer raised its offer to  £69.4bn which makes AstraZeneca to be very eager to get back into the negotiations. However, AstraZeneca still rejected the last